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When Treatment Detection Fails: False Positives...
Why detecting heat treatment in kornerupine is difficult: false positives from natural features, false negatives from mild heating, and the need for multiple analytical methods.
When Treatment Detection Fails: False Positives...
Why detecting heat treatment in kornerupine is difficult: false positives from natural features, false negatives from mild heating, and the need for multiple analytical methods.
Onyx Under the Microscope: Why Visual Identific...
Why visual banding fails to identify onyx: microscopic features, treatment detection limits, and the risk of false positives and false negatives in gemological analysis.
Onyx Under the Microscope: Why Visual Identific...
Why visual banding fails to identify onyx: microscopic features, treatment detection limits, and the risk of false positives and false negatives in gemological analysis.
Reading Corundum Simulants Through the Wrong Pr...
Why corundum simulants can look convincing without being corundum, and how refractive index, birefringence, density, and spectroscopy each resolve a different part of the identification problem.
Reading Corundum Simulants Through the Wrong Pr...
Why corundum simulants can look convincing without being corundum, and how refractive index, birefringence, density, and spectroscopy each resolve a different part of the identification problem.
Synthetic Ruby Under Different Lights: Why Sour...
How chromium absorption in synthetic and natural ruby interacts with different light sources, why visual color shifts can cause false positives and false negatives, and what evidence actually distinguishes origin.
Synthetic Ruby Under Different Lights: Why Sour...
How chromium absorption in synthetic and natural ruby interacts with different light sources, why visual color shifts can cause false positives and false negatives, and what evidence actually distinguishes origin.
How Diffusion-Treated Sapphire Reveals Color at...
How diffusion treatment concentrates color-causing ions near the surface of sapphire, why the color is real but not uniform, and how microscopy, chemistry, and spectroscopy help separate surface enrichment from...
How Diffusion-Treated Sapphire Reveals Color at...
How diffusion treatment concentrates color-causing ions near the surface of sapphire, why the color is real but not uniform, and how microscopy, chemistry, and spectroscopy help separate surface enrichment from...
How Microscopy Distinguishes Sphene from Its Lo...
A scientific look at microscopic identification of sphene, its birefringence and pleochroism, lookalike minerals, and why microscopy must be combined with spectroscopy and chemical analysis.
How Microscopy Distinguishes Sphene from Its Lo...
A scientific look at microscopic identification of sphene, its birefringence and pleochroism, lookalike minerals, and why microscopy must be combined with spectroscopy and chemical analysis.