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Gemstone Science
Why Crushing Quartz Does Not Reveal Its Origin:...
Crushing quartz can liberate clean fragments but destroys fluid inclusions and growth zoning. Learn why recovery and origin determination are separate scientific problems.
Why Crushing Quartz Does Not Reveal Its Origin:...
Crushing quartz can liberate clean fragments but destroys fluid inclusions and growth zoning. Learn why recovery and origin determination are separate scientific problems.
Why Specific Gravity Cannot Reliably Detect Oil...
Why specific gravity cannot reliably detect oil treatment in emerald, and how bulk density measurements produce false negatives and false positives.
Why Specific Gravity Cannot Reliably Detect Oil...
Why specific gravity cannot reliably detect oil treatment in emerald, and how bulk density measurements produce false negatives and false positives.
When X-Ray Diffraction Identifies Goshenite but...
XRD confirms beryl structure in goshenite but cannot establish variety, natural origin, treatment, or provenance. Learn what diffraction measures, its limits, and how it fits into gemological evidence chains.
When X-Ray Diffraction Identifies Goshenite but...
XRD confirms beryl structure in goshenite but cannot establish variety, natural origin, treatment, or provenance. Learn what diffraction measures, its limits, and how it fits into gemological evidence chains.
What X-ray Diffraction Actually Proves About Le...
X-ray diffraction identifies the layered mica framework in lepidolite but does not establish species, origin, or treatment. Learn the difference between structural evidence and causal claims.
What X-ray Diffraction Actually Proves About Le...
X-ray diffraction identifies the layered mica framework in lepidolite but does not establish species, origin, or treatment. Learn the difference between structural evidence and causal claims.
Oriented Inclusions and the Optics of Chatoyant...
How oriented microfibers and refractive-index contrast produce the mobile cat's-eye band in agate, and why the effect varies with fiber alignment, illumination geometry, and cutting orientation.
Oriented Inclusions and the Optics of Chatoyant...
How oriented microfibers and refractive-index contrast produce the mobile cat's-eye band in agate, and why the effect varies with fiber alignment, illumination geometry, and cutting orientation.
How Corundum Becomes Ruby Twice: Chromium, Grow...
Chromium in corundum is not a simple pigment. Explore how site substitution, oxidation state, growth zoning, and orientation-dependent absorption make the same corundum behave differently — and how spectroscopy, microscopy,...
How Corundum Becomes Ruby Twice: Chromium, Grow...
Chromium in corundum is not a simple pigment. Explore how site substitution, oxidation state, growth zoning, and orientation-dependent absorption make the same corundum behave differently — and how spectroscopy, microscopy,...