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Gemstone Science
When Rutile Needles Move: Physical Aging and In...
Rutilated quartz as a two-phase material: how heat treatment and differential thermal stress alter rutile needles, and why ordinary aging does not rearrange them.
When Rutile Needles Move: Physical Aging and In...
Rutilated quartz as a two-phase material: how heat treatment and differential thermal stress alter rutile needles, and why ordinary aging does not rearrange them.
Cloudy with a Chance of Resin: Why Copal Looks ...
Translucent or opaque copal can scatter light through bubbles, resin immiscibility, or debris. Learn how scattering physics, maturation chemistry, and gemological methods distinguish these causes without conflating appearance with material...
Cloudy with a Chance of Resin: Why Copal Looks ...
Translucent or opaque copal can scatter light through bubbles, resin immiscibility, or debris. Learn how scattering physics, maturation chemistry, and gemological methods distinguish these causes without conflating appearance with material...
Pink Tourmaline and the Laboratory-Grown Questi...
A scientific look at pink tourmaline, synthetic growth, and the analytical limits of distinguishing natural from laboratory-grown material through optical, spectroscopic, and chemical evidence.
Pink Tourmaline and the Laboratory-Grown Questi...
A scientific look at pink tourmaline, synthetic growth, and the analytical limits of distinguishing natural from laboratory-grown material through optical, spectroscopic, and chemical evidence.
When Crystal Structure Rearranges: Reading Chro...
A mineral-physics look at chrome diopside: how cation ordering, polyhedral geometry, and possible symmetry changes relate to measurable gemological properties and to the limits of structural inference.
When Crystal Structure Rearranges: Reading Chro...
A mineral-physics look at chrome diopside: how cation ordering, polyhedral geometry, and possible symmetry changes relate to measurable gemological properties and to the limits of structural inference.
Reading Nacre: Why a Mother-of-Pearl Object Usu...
Why mother-of-pearl origin determination is not a simple locality measurement: nacre microstructure, biological filtering, trace elements, isotopes and reference data each shape what can honestly be concluded.
Reading Nacre: Why a Mother-of-Pearl Object Usu...
Why mother-of-pearl origin determination is not a simple locality measurement: nacre microstructure, biological filtering, trace elements, isotopes and reference data each shape what can honestly be concluded.
Smithsonite and the Slow Correction of a Minera...
How the old name calamine mixed zinc carbonate and zinc silicate, and why separating smithsonite from hemimorphite required chemistry rather than appearance.
Smithsonite and the Slow Correction of a Minera...
How the old name calamine mixed zinc carbonate and zinc silicate, and why separating smithsonite from hemimorphite required chemistry rather than appearance.