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Gemstone Science
From Unit Cell to Gem: How Euclase's Atomic Arc...
How euclase's monoclinic lattice, hydroxyl bonding, and trace-element chromophores produce cleavage, biaxial optics, and colour variation, and why some gemological questions require multiple analytical scales.
From Unit Cell to Gem: How Euclase's Atomic Arc...
How euclase's monoclinic lattice, hydroxyl bonding, and trace-element chromophores produce cleavage, biaxial optics, and colour variation, and why some gemological questions require multiple analytical scales.
When a Garnet Changes Color: What Biomineraliza...
A scientific look at color-change garnet through the lens of biomineralization reasoning, explaining crystal-field absorption, illumination effects, and what laboratory methods can and cannot establish.
When a Garnet Changes Color: What Biomineraliza...
A scientific look at color-change garnet through the lens of biomineralization reasoning, explaining crystal-field absorption, illumination effects, and what laboratory methods can and cannot establish.
When Garnet Bends the Rules: Strain, Anisotropy...
Why cubic garnet can show anomalous birefringence, how compositional zoning and inclusion strain lower effective optical symmetry, and what polariscope and spectroscopic observations can and cannot establish.
When Garnet Bends the Rules: Strain, Anisotropy...
Why cubic garnet can show anomalous birefringence, how compositional zoning and inclusion strain lower effective optical symmetry, and what polariscope and spectroscopic observations can and cannot establish.
Screening and Confirming Beeswax Amber: What Ev...
How gemologists use microscopy and infrared or Raman spectroscopy to distinguish natural beeswax amber from heat-treated or altered material, and why the evidence chain matters.
Screening and Confirming Beeswax Amber: What Ev...
How gemologists use microscopy and infrared or Raman spectroscopy to distinguish natural beeswax amber from heat-treated or altered material, and why the evidence chain matters.
What Liddicoatite Tourmaline Growth Zoning Can ...
How growth zoning in liddicoatite tourmaline records changing crystallization conditions, what chemical and structural analysis can establish, and why dating, origin, and treatment detection require multiple lines of evidence.
What Liddicoatite Tourmaline Growth Zoning Can ...
How growth zoning in liddicoatite tourmaline records changing crystallization conditions, what chemical and structural analysis can establish, and why dating, origin, and treatment detection require multiple lines of evidence.
Magnetite and the Optics of Structural Color: W...
How thin-film interference and diffraction produce color in dark minerals like magnetite, and what modern instruments can and cannot establish about the mechanism.
Magnetite and the Optics of Structural Color: W...
How thin-film interference and diffraction produce color in dark minerals like magnetite, and what modern instruments can and cannot establish about the mechanism.