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Gemstone Science
Lead-Glass-Filled Ruby: What Density and Specif...
How lead-glass filling changes ruby density, why specific gravity is a bulk composite property, and what this measurement can and cannot establish about treatment.
Lead-Glass-Filled Ruby: What Density and Specif...
How lead-glass filling changes ruby density, why specific gravity is a bulk composite property, and what this measurement can and cannot establish about treatment.
How Imperial Topaz Handles Light: Surface Scien...
A surface-science look at imperial topaz: how refractive contrast, dispersion, luster, and facet geometry govern brilliance, and why visual inspection alone cannot confirm surface treatment.
How Imperial Topaz Handles Light: Surface Scien...
A surface-science look at imperial topaz: how refractive contrast, dispersion, luster, and facet geometry govern brilliance, and why visual inspection alone cannot confirm surface treatment.
Spessartine Garnet and the Gap Between Looking ...
Why color alone cannot identify spessartine garnet or explain its origin. A look at crystal-field color, solid-solution chemistry, Raman, XRD, and the limits of visual gem identification.
Spessartine Garnet and the Gap Between Looking ...
Why color alone cannot identify spessartine garnet or explain its origin. A look at crystal-field color, solid-solution chemistry, Raman, XRD, and the limits of visual gem identification.
When Peridot Lies About Its Own Past: Growth Zo...
Peridot's simple chemistry hides a layered internal record. Learn how growth zoning forms in olivine, how microprobe and imaging methods reveal it, and why a single bulk measurement or spot...
When Peridot Lies About Its Own Past: Growth Zo...
Peridot's simple chemistry hides a layered internal record. Learn how growth zoning forms in olivine, how microprobe and imaging methods reveal it, and why a single bulk measurement or spot...
Andalusite's Color-Change Puzzle: The Limits of...
Learn why andalusite's apparent color change under different lights is caused by pleochroism, not the alexandrite effect, and how definitive testing distinguishes them.
Andalusite's Color-Change Puzzle: The Limits of...
Learn why andalusite's apparent color change under different lights is caused by pleochroism, not the alexandrite effect, and how definitive testing distinguishes them.
Pietersite and the Problem of Reproducible Inte...
Pietersite's fibrous aggregate structure reveals why laboratories can report different results for the same material, and how sampling, instrumentation, and reference data shape gemological conclusions.
Pietersite and the Problem of Reproducible Inte...
Pietersite's fibrous aggregate structure reveals why laboratories can report different results for the same material, and how sampling, instrumentation, and reference data shape gemological conclusions.