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Gemstone Encyclopedia
How Growth Zoning and Internal Patterns Reveal ...
A gemological reference on imperial topaz growth structures, color zoning, oriented tubes, pleochroism, and the limits of using internal patterns to identify natural origin.
How Growth Zoning and Internal Patterns Reveal ...
A gemological reference on imperial topaz growth structures, color zoning, oriented tubes, pleochroism, and the limits of using internal patterns to identify natural origin.
What "Sunstone" Actually Names: Feldspar, Coppe...
Sunstone is a trade name covering several materials: plagioclase feldspar with oxide platelets, copper-bearing feldspar, and occasionally tourmaline. Learn what the name really means.
What "Sunstone" Actually Names: Feldspar, Coppe...
Sunstone is a trade name covering several materials: plagioclase feldspar with oxide platelets, copper-bearing feldspar, and occasionally tourmaline. Learn what the name really means.
Beeswax Amber: Why Colour Alone Cannot Identify...
Why beeswax amber is a trade appearance name rather than a mineral identity. Learn how internal scattering creates opacity and how amber, copal and synthetic resins are distinguished.
Beeswax Amber: Why Colour Alone Cannot Identify...
Why beeswax amber is a trade appearance name rather than a mineral identity. Learn how internal scattering creates opacity and how amber, copal and synthetic resins are distinguished.
Chrome Diopside and Its Synthetic Counterparts:...
Why synthetic chrome diopside is rare despite being technically possible. Explore diopside's mineralogy, growth methods, and identification limits in this gemological reference.
Chrome Diopside and Its Synthetic Counterparts:...
Why synthetic chrome diopside is rare despite being technically possible. Explore diopside's mineralogy, growth methods, and identification limits in this gemological reference.
Reconstructed Turquoise: How Assembled and Comp...
How reconstructed and assembled turquoise differs from natural turquoise in composition, structure, and gemological testing, and why the same trade name can describe different materials.
Reconstructed Turquoise: How Assembled and Comp...
How reconstructed and assembled turquoise differs from natural turquoise in composition, structure, and gemological testing, and why the same trade name can describe different materials.
Zircon's Rainbow Surface: How Primary and Secon...
Why does iridescent zircon form mostly in secondary deposits? Learn how thin-film interference, fractures, and placer transport create rainbow surfaces in zircon.
Zircon's Rainbow Surface: How Primary and Secon...
Why does iridescent zircon form mostly in secondary deposits? Learn how thin-film interference, fractures, and placer transport create rainbow surfaces in zircon.